Researchers
from the Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP / Fiocruz)
published, last Thursday (9/28), a study simulating the SUS (Brazilian Public
Healthcare System) expenditure with drugs used to treat HIV/AIDS and hepatitis
C, if the amendment on the chapter about intellectual property rights of
the European Union Free Trade Agreement (FTA) were endorsed by the
countries of Mercosur. The study found that the Brazilian Government will spend
an additional amount up to R$ 1.9 billion on the purchase of those medicines –
an average cost of R$ 1.8 billion on anti-HCV drugs and R$ 142 million on
antiretroviral (ARV).
The
research was based on the analysis of the purchase of 22 ARVs in 2015 and the
2016 anti-HCV medicines annual purchase, by SUS. The values found in the study
correspond to the annual costs of treating 60 thousand hepatitis C carriers
with state-of-the-art medication and more 57 thousand HIV-positive individuals.
“It
seems to be only the tip of the iceberg, since the survey is reduced just to
twenty five drugs that are used on the treatment of two specific diseases. The
Government purchases several medicines for other dozen diseases. The impact of
the European Union amendment on the intellectual property chapter might impact
in a cost higher than R$ 1.9 billion per years as estimated by the researches”,
said Gabriela Chaves, researcher of the Sergio Arouca School of Public Heath
Department on Medicine Policy and Pharmaceutical Care (ENSP), linked to
Fiocruz.
The next round of the negotiations of FTA will happen in Brasília from October 2 to 6, 2017.
The next round of the negotiations of FTA will happen in Brasília from October 2 to 6, 2017.
Concerning
to the intellectual property chapter, the the main European Union target is
increasing copyright standard, adopting new trade standards called Trips-plus,
that grant exclusivity in the market rights for international companies, which
directly affects the medicine area. Those terms already granted by the World
Trade Organization (WTO)’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of International
Property Rights (Trips, in English), which Brazil is a member.
The
protection of intellectual property rights in Brazil is broad enough. In 1966,
Brazil took a step forward on the WTO standards and approved the current law
granting medicine patentee protection, the action could be taken nine years on.
“The one that pays the bill even higher if the Trip-plus measures are adopted,
is the SUS”, says Gabriela. “What is at stake of the negotiations of the Public
Health System’s sustainability, since the measures strengths the monopoly of
essential health technologies, allowing companies to impose costs, jeopardizing
the SUS universal principles”, she affirms.
The effects
of the patent protection on medical drugs were felt by SUS for the first time
with the firsts patented ARVs in the end of the 90s. The ARVs generation before
those ones have been manufactured in the country with lower price than the
multinational ones. When the patent protection on medical drugs became into
law, in 1997, the Brazilian Government has to adopt different strategies to
reduce the price of the medicines under monopoly protection, according to
public healthcare protection granted by the WHO’s Trips on buying and manufacturing
generic medicines, ensuring the universality of the HIV treatment.
In
2007, for example, the Government issued the compulsory licence on Efavirenz,
allowing the import of genetic versions of the the drug and, after that,
producing a local generic version 67% to 77% cheaper than the patented drug.
The same decision has not already taken regarding to hepatitis C drugs.
The
research conducted by Fiocruz follows the UN High-level Panel on Access to
Medicines standards, which includes conducting studies to assess the impact of
the trade rules in the context of the right of inventors on the public health
and the international human rights law.
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